using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace IslaApocalypse.Tools
{
	/// <summary>One connected island of tagged offshore land, as the analysis sees it.</summary>
	public sealed class IslandComponent
	{
		public int Id;
		public long Cells;
		public double CentroidX, CentroidY;
		public int MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY;

		/// <summary>Hemisphere by CENTROID (an island straddling the midline is counted once, where its mass is).</summary>
		public byte Hemisphere;

		/// <summary>
		/// ⚠ True if any cell of this island is 8-adjacent to land that is NOT tagged offshore —
		/// i.e. the island touches the mainland. The moat exists to make this impossible; this is
		/// the check that it did.
		/// </summary>
		public bool BridgedToMainland;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// ⭐ THE OFFSHORE ANALYSIS — counts islands, reads their hemisphere, and catches a land bridge.
	/// Engine-free; used by the pass (to prove its own floor) and by the oracle (to prove it again,
	/// independently, on the finished field).
	///
	/// ═══ THE HEMISPHERE CONVENTION — read from the code, not invented ═══
	///
	/// Pass 1's latitude scalar is <c>y / MapSize</c> (+ a ±0.1 wobble). The spine fades out where
	/// that scalar exceeds 0.65 — "the southern fade" — and the "southern sinker" bites in the
	/// BOTTOM 25 % of rows. So in this codebase, and in the lore it encodes (snow-town north,
	/// shipwreck south): <b>y increases SOUTHWARD. North is the top half of the image.</b>
	///
	///   NORTH  y ∈ [0, MapSize/2)
	///   SOUTH  y ∈ [MapSize/2, MapSize)
	///
	/// ⚠ The tag uses the clean row midline, NOT the wobbled latitude field. A hemisphere tag keyed
	/// to a field that wanders ±10 % of the map would put the same island in different hemispheres
	/// on different seeds for no geographic reason. The field's ORIENTATION is what is borrowed; its
	/// wobble is not.
	/// </summary>
	public static class OffshoreAnalysis
	{
		public const byte HemiNone = 0;
		public const byte HemiNorth = 1;
		public const byte HemiSouth = 2;

		/// <summary>The convention, in one place. Every consumer of the tag reads hemisphere through this.</summary>
		public static byte HemisphereOfRow(int y, int mapSize) => y < mapSize / 2 ? HemiNorth : HemiSouth;

		public static string HemisphereName(byte h) => h switch
		{
			HemiNorth => "north", HemiSouth => "south", _ => "none",
		};

		// 8-connectivity, fixed order.
		private static readonly int[] DX = { -1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 };
		private static readonly int[] DY = { -1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 0, 1 };

		/// <summary>
		/// Label the 8-connected components of tagged offshore land, and for each, whether it
		/// touches untagged land (a bridge). <paramref name="height"/> + <paramref name="sea"/>
		/// define "land"; <paramref name="tag"/> defines "offshore". Both are needed: the bridge test
		/// is "tagged cell next to a land cell that is not tagged".
		/// </summary>
		public static List<IslandComponent> Components(bool[,] tag, float[,] height, float sea, int mapSize)
			=> Components(tag, height, sea, mapSize, out _);

		/// <summary>
		/// As above, also returning the per-cell component id map (<c>x * mapSize + y</c>; 0 = not
		/// tagged) — the debris guard needs membership, not just the list.
		/// </summary>
		public static List<IslandComponent> Components(bool[,] tag, float[,] height, float sea, int mapSize,
			out int[] idMap)
		{
			var comps = new List<IslandComponent>();
			int n = mapSize;
			var id = new int[n * n];                      // 0 = unvisited / not tagged
			idMap = id;
			if (tag == null) return comps;

			var stack = new Stack<int>();
			int next = 0;

			for (int sx = 0; sx < n; sx++)
			{
				for (int sy = 0; sy < n; sy++)
				{
					if (!tag[sx, sy] || id[sx * n + sy] != 0) continue;

					var c = new IslandComponent
					{
						Id = ++next, MinX = sx, MaxX = sx, MinY = sy, MaxY = sy,
					};
					double sumX = 0, sumY = 0;

					id[sx * n + sy] = c.Id;
					stack.Push(sx * n + sy);

					while (stack.Count > 0)
					{
						int cur = stack.Pop();
						int cx = cur / n, cy = cur % n;
						c.Cells++; sumX += cx; sumY += cy;
						if (cx < c.MinX) c.MinX = cx; if (cx > c.MaxX) c.MaxX = cx;
						if (cy < c.MinY) c.MinY = cy; if (cy > c.MaxY) c.MaxY = cy;

						for (int k = 0; k < 8; k++)
						{
							int nx = cx + DX[k], ny = cy + DY[k];
							if (nx < 0 || nx >= n || ny < 0 || ny >= n) continue;

							if (tag[nx, ny])
							{
								int ni = nx * n + ny;
								if (id[ni] != 0) continue;
								id[ni] = c.Id;
								stack.Push(ni);
							}
							else if (height[nx, ny] >= sea)
							{
								// Land, not tagged offshore ⇒ mainland (or a lake-shore) touching
								// this island. The moat should have made this impossible.
								c.BridgedToMainland = true;
							}
						}
					}

					c.CentroidX = sumX / c.Cells;
					c.CentroidY = sumY / c.Cells;
					c.Hemisphere = HemisphereOfRow((int)Math.Round(c.CentroidY), mapSize);
					comps.Add(c);
				}
			}
			return comps;
		}

		/// <summary>Island counts per hemisphere, by component centroid.</summary>
		public static (int north, int south) CountByHemisphere(List<IslandComponent> comps)
		{
			int nN = 0, nS = 0;
			foreach (var c in comps)
			{
				if (c.Hemisphere == HemiNorth) nN++;
				else if (c.Hemisphere == HemiSouth) nS++;
			}
			return (nN, nS);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Island SIZE statistics — the thing a count alone hides. 189 islands averaging 66 cells is
		/// noise debris, not an archipelago; 12 islands averaging 900 cells is what the developer
		/// asked for. Cells are map cells (1 column = 1 m at the target scale).
		/// </summary>
		public static (long min, long median, double mean, long max, int belowThreshold)
			SizeSummary(List<IslandComponent> comps, long threshold)
		{
			if (comps.Count == 0) return (0, 0, 0.0, 0, 0);
			var sizes = new List<long>(comps.Count);
			double sum = 0; int below = 0;
			foreach (var c in comps) { sizes.Add(c.Cells); sum += c.Cells; if (c.Cells < threshold) below++; }
			sizes.Sort();
			return (sizes[0], sizes[sizes.Count / 2], sum / sizes.Count, sizes[sizes.Count - 1], below);
		}

		/// <summary>How many components touch the mainland. Zero is the only acceptable answer.</summary>
		public static int BridgedCount(List<IslandComponent> comps)
		{
			int b = 0;
			foreach (var c in comps) if (c.BridgedToMainland) b++;
			return b;
		}
	}
}