using System;

namespace IslaApocalypse.Core
{
	/// <summary>
	/// The terrain DETAIL passes — the two things that make a redistributed shelf read as ground
	/// rather than as a terrace. Ported from <c>REFERENCE:Tools/Scripts/TerrainDetailPass.cs</c>
	/// (v1) at tag <c>pre-rewrite-reference</c> (<c>ab78883</c>).
	///
	/// ═══ TWO PASSES, AND THEY DO DIFFERENT KINDS OF THING ═══
	///
	///   PASS A — SHELF MICRO-RELIEF. A medium-frequency noise skin (±3 m by default) added to the
	///   OUTPUT height, weighted by shelf-ness. The curve compresses the shelves flat; this gives
	///   them their rolling texture back. Risers and peaks are untouched by construction.
	///
	///   PASS B — SHELF-EDGE VARIATION. A per-column shift of the shelf/riser KNOT BLOCK (K3/K4/K5)
	///   by a low-frequency field.
	///
	/// > ### ⚠⚠ PASS B IS NOT HEIGHT PERTURBATION, AND THE DIFFERENCE IS THE WHOLE POINT.
	/// >
	/// > Pass A moves a column's OUTPUT HEIGHT. Pass B moves WHERE THE BANDS ARE for that column.
	/// >
	/// > Every shelf↔riser boundary is the contour where the raw height crosses one of K3/K4/K5. Slide
	/// > those knots per column and the contour stops tracing a clean iso-height line: the shelf edge
	/// > scallops into coves, notches and peninsulas. Do it by perturbing height instead and you get
	/// > a fuzzy terrace edge, not an organic one — and you lose monotonicity as a STRUCTURAL
	/// > property, because the curve is monotonic for any ordered knot set but nothing is monotonic
	/// > after arbitrary additive noise.
	/// >
	/// > The amplitude is therefore stated in METRES OF INPUT HEIGHT (raw × the yardstick): how far a
	/// > boundary contour is displaced in raw-height terms, NOT an output elevation change. What the
	/// > eye sees is the LATERAL wander — that displacement divided by the local raw gradient.
	/// > Measured on the reference (seed 1375359975): |∇raw| at the K3/K4/K5 contours is p50 0.00088
	/// > raw/px, so 12 m of input height buys a median peak displacement of ~54 px and a mean of ~8 px
	/// > along the boundary. 5 m — the first attempt — moved it a mean 3.7 px and was invisible at
	/// > map scale.
	///
	/// ═══ ⚠ OUTPUT-HEIGHT ONLY. THE CLASSIFY FIELD NEVER SEES EITHER PASS. ═══
	///
	/// Both are consumers of the raw height, never producers of it. That is what keeps the classify
	/// map — and every biome and water body that will later be derived from it — invariant under
	/// every detail change.
	///
	/// ═══ WHAT THIS FILE DELIBERATELY DOES NOT CONTAIN ═══
	///
	/// The reference's task-10 draft also carried D8 flow routing, accumulation and drainage
	/// INCISION. It shipped, produced the canonical grid artifact — thousands of straight,
	/// disconnected, pooling scratches along the D8 neighbour directions — and was reverted whole.
	/// → `Design - Terrain - D8 Incision Revert.md`. D8 returns later as ANALYSIS only.
	///
	/// Engine-free (System.MathF), so it sits in <c>Core/</c> beside <see cref="HeightCurve"/>: it
	/// reads <see cref="CurveKnots"/> and is meaningless apart from the curve it warps.
	/// </summary>
	public static class TerrainDetailPass
	{
		/// <summary>Detail body version — the identity of this pass's layout.</summary>
		public const ushort Version = 1;

		// ---- pass A: micro-relief -------------------------------------------

		/// <summary>Micro-relief amplitude, metres of OUTPUT height. Reference default: 3 m.</summary>
		public const float ReliefAmpDefaultM = 3f;

		/// <summary>
		/// Micro-relief frequency, periods per MAP WIDTH. Reference: 40 — about 40 undulations
		/// across the island (~200 m features at 8K). ⚠ Scale-safe by construction: stated per map
		/// width, so the feature SIZE in metres holds at every map profile.
		/// </summary>
		public const float ReliefFreqPerMapWidth = 40f;

		/// <summary>Micro-relief field seed offset. Reference: 7409. ⚠ A SEED offset, not a coordinate offset.</summary>
		public const int ReliefSeedOffset = 7409;

		// ---- pass B: shelf-edge variation -----------------------------------

		/// <summary>Edge-warp amplitude, metres of INPUT height. Reference default: 12 m. See the type header.</summary>
		public const float EdgeAmpDefaultM = 12f;

		/// <summary>
		/// Edge-warp frequency, periods per MAP WIDTH. Reference: 20 — ~410 px wavelength at 8K,
		/// coves and notches at the scale of the developer's sketch, not a fringe of teeth.
		/// </summary>
		public const float EdgeFreqPerMapWidth = 20f;

		/// <summary>Edge-warp field seed offset. Reference: 7507. ⚠ A SEED offset, not a coordinate offset.</summary>
		public const int EdgeSeedOffset = 7507;

		/// <summary>
		/// The warp bound, as a fraction of the smaller adjacent band. Reference: 2/3.
		///
		/// ⚠ THE REAL CONSTRAINT IS BAND SQUEEZE; KNOT ORDERING FOLLOWS FROM IT. The shift compresses
		/// whichever of the foothill riser / plateau it moves into. Bounding it at 2/3 of the smaller
		/// band means that band never compresses below a THIRD of its nominal width — its slope never
		/// more than triples, even where peak noise lands exactly on a boundary. Ordering
		/// (K2 &lt; K3±d, K5±d &lt; K6) is then automatic, with a third of each band to spare.
		/// </summary>
		public const float EdgeSafetyFraction = 2f / 3f;

		// ---- the crater's precedence ----------------------------------------
		//
		// ⚠ INERT UNTIL THE CRATER CARVE LANDS. No crater exists in this phase, so
		// CraterDetailWeight is called with a non-positive radius and returns 1 everywhere — detail
		// applies unmasked. The logic is ported now rather than later because it is part of THIS
		// pass's contract, and bolting it on after the carve arrives is how the reference's 532-px
		// bug happened in the first place. It is exercised when the carve lands.

		/// <summary>
		/// Detail exclusion radius, as a factor of CraterRadius. Reference: 0.80 — EXACTLY the
		/// carve's own extent (<c>CRATER_CARVE_FACTOR</c>), so the two agree by construction rather
		/// than by two constants that happen to match.
		/// </summary>
		public const float CraterDetailExclFactor = 0.80f;

		/// <summary>Detail feather-to-full radius, factor of CraterRadius. Reference: 1.05.</summary>
		public const float CraterDetailFeatherFactor = 1.05f;

		/// <summary>
		/// Detail weight from distance to the impact centre: 0 inside the carve, 1 well outside it,
		/// linear between.
		///
		/// ═══ WHY IT EXISTS — measured, not precautionary ═══
		///
		/// Without it, detail moves a column's PRE-carve height, the carve's Lerp passes a fraction
		/// of that through, and columns sitting a metre or two above sea inside the bowl get pushed
		/// UNDER it: 532 px on reference seed 1158286446 in the first batch — terrain below the sea
		/// scalar that the (classify-driven, and correctly unchanged) water grid calls dry. The carve
		/// is the final authority on its own terrain; detail yields to it.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="craterRadius">
		/// The configured crater radius. ⚠ <b>Non-positive means NO CRATER EXISTS</b> — returns 1
		/// (detail unmasked). That is this phase's state, and it is a defined case, not a fallthrough.
		/// </param>
		public static float CraterDetailWeight(float distToCrater, float craterRadius)
		{
			if (craterRadius <= 0f) return 1f;             // no crater in this phase — see the note above

			float excl = craterRadius * CraterDetailExclFactor;
			if (distToCrater <= excl) return 0f;

			float feather = craterRadius * CraterDetailFeatherFactor;
			if (distToCrater >= feather) return 1f;

			return (distToCrater - excl) / (feather - excl);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// The largest per-column knot shift this knot set allows — see <see cref="EdgeSafetyFraction"/>.
		/// K1/K2/K6 never move, so the toe, the orange/red bands and the summit spike are
		/// bit-identical whatever the warp does; that is what makes the red-ceiling floor and the
		/// peak cap exact rather than statistical.
		/// </summary>
		public static float MaxEdgeShift(CurveKnots k)
			=> EdgeSafetyFraction * MathF.Min(k.K3 - k.K2, k.K6 - k.K5);

		/// <summary>
		/// Shelf-ness weight from the RAW input height: 1 mid-shelf, feathering to 0 through the
		/// risers. Covers both shelves (bench and plateau).
		///
		/// ⚠ <paramref name="edgeShift"/> must be the SAME per-column warp the curve was evaluated
		/// with, so the micro-relief skin follows the shelf wherever pass B moved its boundary.
		/// Passing 0 here while the curve got a shift puts the skin on the wrong ground.
		///
		/// ⚠ Note the asymmetry in the second call: K6 is NOT shifted, because K6 never moves.
		/// </summary>
		public static float ShelfWeight(float raw, CurveKnots k, float edgeShift)
			=> MathF.Max(BandBump(raw, k.K3 + edgeShift, k.K4 + edgeShift),
						 BandBump(raw, k.K5 + edgeShift, k.K6));

		/// <summary>
		/// A trapezoid over one band: full inside the central 60 %, linear feather to zero at 130 %
		/// of the band half-width — so the skin dies out inside the risers rather than at the exact
		/// band edge, which would put a visible seam on the boundary the warp is busy hiding.
		/// </summary>
		private static float BandBump(float h, float lo, float hi)
		{
			float half = (hi - lo) * 0.5f;
			if (half <= 0f) return 0f;                     // degenerate band — no skin, no divide by zero
			float t = MathF.Abs(h - (lo + half)) / half;   // 0 at centre, 1 at the band edge
			return Math.Clamp(1f - (t - 0.6f) / 0.7f, 0f, 1f);
		}
	}
}